Category Archives: Gramática

Gerúndio ou Infinitivo?

Muitos alunos me perguntam como saber quando usar e ING ou TO na hora de escolher o tempo verbal mais apropriado . No entanto a regra é mais de memorizar do que de entender. 

Abaixo segue uma pequena lista com alguns verbos que pedem o gerúndio e outros que pedem o infinitivo.


Seguem alguns exemplos:
When two verbs are used together, the second verb is often in the gerund form (-ing) or the infinitive. There are no specific rules concerning which verbs take which form. Like irregular verbs, you will need to learn which form a verb takes.
Common Verbs + ‘ing’
go

enjoy

quit

discuss

mind

can’t stand

suggest
Examples:
They go jogging on Saturdays.

I don’t mind helping you.

They can’t stand driving in traffic jams.
Common Verbs + Infinitive
promise

plan

refuse

want

need

decide

hope
Examples:
I promised to help him.

Alice needs to start that task.

He decided to quit his job.

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Expressões Idiomáticas com “Head”

img_0102-6Saber usar ou entender expressões idiomáticas em Inglês é importante e difícil.

Seguem algumas explicações e frases com exemplos interessantes.

The following idioms and expressions use the noun ‘head’. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help understanding of these common idiomatic expressions with ‘head’.

able to do something standing on one’s head -> do something very easily and without effort

He’s able to count backward standing on his head.
Don’t worry about that. I can do it standing on my head.

bang your head against a brick wall -> do something without any chance of it succeeding

I’ve been banging my head against a brick wall when it comes to finding a job.
Trying to convince Kevin is like banging your head against a brick wall.

beat something into someone’s head -> teach someone something by repeating it over and over again

Sometimes you just need to beat grammar into your head.
My father beat the importance of kindness into my head.

bite someone’s head off -> criticize someone strongly

Tim bit my head off last night at the party.
Don’t bit my head off just because I made a mistake.

bring something to a head -> cause a crisis to happen

We need to bring the situation to a head to get a resolution.
The immigration situation brought the political crisis to a head.

bury one’s head in the sand -> ignore something completely

You’re going to have to face the situation and not bury your head in the sand.
He chose to bury his head in the sand and not confront her.

can’t make heads or tails out of something -> not be able to understand something

I hate to admit that I can’t make heads or tails out of this math problem.
The politicians can’t make heads or tails out of the current employment crisis. 

drum something into someone’s head -> repeat over and over until someone learns something

I had to drum German grammar into my head for two years before I could speak the language.
I suggest you drum this into your head for the test next week.

fall head over heels in love -> fall deeply in love

She fell head over heals in love with Tom.
Have you ever fallen head over heels in love?

from head to toe -> dressed or covered in something completely

He’s dressed in blue from head to toe.
She’s wearing lace from head to toe. 

get a head start on something -> begin doing something early

Let’s get a head start on the report tomorrow.
She got a head start on her homework immediately after school.

get your head above water -> keep going in life despite many difficulties

If I can find a job I’ll be able to get my head above water.
Study these pages and you’ll get your head above water.

get someone or something out of one’s head -> remove someone or something from your thoughts (often used in the negative)

I’m really upset that I can’t get her out of my head.
She spent three years getting those experiences out of her head.

give someone a head’s start -> let someone else begin before you in  a competition of some kind

I’ll give you twenty minutes head’s start.
Can you give me a head’s start?

go over someone’s head -> not be able to understand something

I’m afraid the joke went over her head.
I’m afraid the situation goes over my head. 

go to someone’s head -> make someone feel better than others

His good grades went to his head.
Don’t let your success go to your head. Stay humble.

have a good head on your shoulders -> be intelligent

She’s got a good head on her shoulders.
You can trust him because he’s got a good head on his shoulders.

head someone or something off -> arrive before someone or something else

Let’s head them off at the pass.
We need to head the problem off.

hit the nail on the head -> be exactly right about something

I think you hit the nail on the head.
His answer hit the nail on the head.

in over one’s head -> do something that is too difficult for a person

I’m afraid Peter is in over his head with Mary.
Do you ever feel that your in over your head?

lose your head -> become nervous or angry

Don’t lose your head over the situation.
She lost her head when he told her he wanted a divorce.

Source: http://esl.about.com/od/idioms-intermediate/fl/Idioms-and-Expressions-with-Head.htm?utm_content=20160927&utm_medium=email&utm_source=exp_nl&utm_campaign=list_esl&utm_term=list_esl

Websites that help to learn English

There are lots of ready-made materials available for you from different websites.

Look at the materials below and choose one that you think would be good to use.

This is a song.

This is an audio series.

This is a game.

This is a short video to explain language.

This is a short video and lesson plan.

Aprenda Inglês no 2o Semestre

Não desista de seu sonho de falar Inglês

PARA

  • Viajar sozinho ao exterior;
  • Conseguir um emprego melhor;
  • Navegar na Internet com facilidade;
  • Falar com fluência com estrangeiros;
  • Passar num exame de proficiência;
  • Possibilitar aos seus filhos um aprendizado bilíngue;
  • Enfim, curtir um novo aprendizado.

Ainda há tempo. Você merece!

Fale comigo e aprenda no seu ritmo, com uma profissional exclusiva para as suas necessidades.

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Todos os 12 Tempos Verbais – uso e explicação

Tenses

Legend

Tenses
moment in time
  • action that takes place once, never or several times
  • actions that happen one after another
  • actions that suddenly take place
Tenses
period of time
  • action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyond that moment
  • actions taking place at the same time
Tenses
Result
  • action taking place before a certain moment in time
  • puts emphasis on the result
Tenses
Course / Duration
  • action taking place before a certain moment in time
  • puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action

Formal X Informal Writing Styles

Most everyday written communication in English uses a semi-formal style, where the tone is quite friendly, but some more formal expressions are used. However, we use a more formal style when we’re writing for professional reasons or to people we don’t know. We use an informal style with people we know well, for example, family members, relatives, friends or colleagues.

There are a number of differences between formal and informal English. For example, sentences are generally longer and more complex in formal writing. Language is often more impersonal, sometimes using passive voice. Vocabulary is often different too, with more words of Latin or French origin and fewer phrasal verbs. We don’t use contractions in formal writing, whereas in informal writing, we use them all the time. Here are some features of both styles of writing:

Formal Informal
Dear Sir or Madam Dear Mala / Hi Mala beginning
I am writing with regard to… I’m writing about… purpose
I would like to invite you… Why don’t you come to … inviting
I would like to request… Do you have…? requesting
Please deliver the parcel to… It would be great if you could send it to… instruction
I would like to suggest that… I think you should… suggesting
I am / we are / did not I’m / we’re / didn’t contractions
Therefore / However So / Anyway linking
I look forward to hearing from you. Hope to hear from you soon! closing
Yours faithfully Best wishes / See you soon ending

Always begin by deciding who you are writing to. Should it be a formal or informal style? Never mix the two styles.

Here are some tips to approach the task:

Planning and Organising

  • Read the question carefully and underline the key words
  • Decide what structure to use. Most Task 2 questions will ask you to discuss or analyse an issue in terms of advantages/disadvantages and/or take a position by agreeing or disagreeing. This means you can almost always use a four paragraph structure, for example:
  • Advantages/disadvantages question
    – Introduction: paraphrase the question and give a general answer
    that will summarise your opinion
    – Main paragraph 1: what are the advantages
    – Main paragraph 2: what are the disadvantages
    – Conclusion: paraphrase your argument and highlight or restate your personal opinion or position on the issue.
  • Agree / disagree question
    – Introduction: paraphrase the question and give a general answer
    that will summarise your opinion
    – Main paragraph 1: I agree/disagree because … + supporting reasons
    – Main paragraph 2: Another reason I agree / disagree is …
    – Conclusion: paraphrase your argument and sum up.

Make sure you note down examples and supporting details for each paragraph. Your arguments should also clearly link back to the position you stated in the introduction.

  • Spend some time thinking of good vocabulary related to your topic. Note it down.

Writing

  • Start each paragraph with a topic sentence i.e. the general topic of the paragraph.
  • Develop your ideas in each paragraph by giving reasons for your answer and include examples from your own knowledge or experience.
  • Keep your examples fairly short. Don’t go into too much detail; make sure you stay on topic.
  • Try using linking words like ‘firstly, secondly, finally’ to connect your ideas within each of your main paragraphs. This will help your writing to flow.

Is there anything you find difficult about the use of formal and informal language? Share your questions and thoughts in the Comments below.

© British Council

https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/understanding-ielts/2/steps/41234

At The Airport

Época de férias e muitos de vocês já estão com planos de viajar nesse mês.

Pensando nisso estou enviando algumas fotos com vocabulário específico sobre viagem.

Há também um vídeo com Inglês Britânico sobre Segurança em Aeroporto.

Espero que seja útil. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2014/07/140709_vwitn_airport_security.shtml

Conheçam os termos e pratiquem as frases para se familiarizarem com elas no caso de uma necessidade.

Não deixem de tirar muitas fotos para comentarmos sobre elas depois.

Aproveitem as férias! Boa Viagem!

 

In English

Holiday season and many of you already have plans to travel this month.

Thinking about it I am sending some pictures with specific vocabulary about trip.

There is also a British English video on Aiport Security that  might be helpful. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2014/07/140709_vwitn_airport_security.shtml

Know the terms and practice sentences to become familiar with them in case of need.

Do not forget to take lots of pictures for commenting on them later.

Enjoy the holidays! Bon Voyage!

AeroportoAeroporto 2Bagagem

Como funciona a aprendizagem em Língua Inglesa

Tanto adultos como crianças não mantêm a atenção por muito tempo em algo que seja chato ou desinteressante.

Para que uma aula seja envolvente e  seu conteúdo aprendido e fixado, não necessariamente esta atividade precisa ser monótona com exercícios de lousa ou de caderno.

Quando alguma atividade acontece em sala de aula, mesmo que esta não envolva leitura, mas que as orientações sejam dadas em Inglês, já se trata de uma aprendizagem.

Ao desenvolvemos um jogo, um artesanato, ou assistimos à um vídeo; se essas atividades estiverem acontecendo em Inglês o aprendizado também está acontecendo em paralelo, mas de uma maneira envolvente. Easter Egg Coloring

O ser humano tem diferentes formas de aprender: visual, auditiva, linguística, sinestésica, musical, espacial, lógica e matemática. Todas estas formas devem ser estimuladas durante a aprendizagem para que essa seja facilitada. Através de diferentes tipos de exercícios ao longo das aulas, este objetivo é alcançado de uma maneira gostosa e eficaz.

Não se enganem, pois aulas chatas de cópias da lousa, repetições ou exercícios de gramática não levam ao aprendizado da língua ou fixam mais o conteúdo. Estas apenas cansam e desmotivam o aluno a aprender uma segunda língua.

Quer mais informações, leia outros artigos sobre Ensino Bilíngue em meu blog.

Preposições de Lugar e de Tempo

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Você sabe usar adequadamente as preposições  in, on, at? Elas podem ser usadas para designar tempo ou lugar.

Abaixo seguem algumas dicas para estudo e aprendizado do uso de IN, ON, AT.

PREPOSTION OF PLACE

In

Use ‘in’ with spaces that you can physically walk into, or place something into:

in a room / in a building

in a garden / in a park

Use ‘in’ with bodies of water:

in the water

in the sea

in a river

Use ‘in’ with lines:

in a row / in a line

in a queue

 

At

Use ‘at’ with places in a town, city or other community:

at the bus-stop

at the door

at the cinema

at the end of the street

Use ‘at’ with places on a page:

at the top of the page

at the bottom of the page

Use ‘at’ in groups of people:

at the back of the class

at the front of the class

 

On

Use ‘on’ with vertical or horizontal surfaces that you can lay something onto, or attach something to:

on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor

on the table

Use ‘on’ with small islands:

I stayed on Maui.

Use ‘on’ with directions:

on the left

on the right

straight on

IMPORTANT NOTES

In / at / on the corner

We say ‘in the corner of a room’, but ‘at the corner (or ‘on the corner’) of a street’

In / at / on the front

We say ‘in the front / in the back’ of a car

We say ‘at the front / at the back’ of buildings / groups of people

We say ‘on the front / on the back’ of a piece of paper

 

PREPOSTION OF TIME

In

Use ‘in’ with months, years and periods of time such as decades or centuries:
in January
in 1978
in the twenties
Use ‘in’ a period of time in the future to express that an action will occur after that amount of time:
in a few weeks
in a couple of days

At
Use ‘at’ with an exact time:
at six o’clock
at 10.30
at two p.m.

On
Use ‘on’ with days of the week:
on Monday
on Fridays
Use ‘on’ with specific calendar days:
on Christmas day
on October 22nd

Se quiser testar seu aprendizado, faça o teste online. A correção é automática e você já fica sabendo quanto tirou. Depois me diz qual foi a sua nota.

http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_prep1.htm